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The historic Summit of Leaders of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) and Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) was held towards the end of October in Riyadh. By all accounts, it was the first in history to draw up a new strategic plan for closer integration of two substantial and influential blocs. Two well-known figures chaired the summit: Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman Al Saud and Indonesian President Joko Widodo. The Riyadh conference established platforms for political discourse, security cooperation, climate change mitigation…

Mongolia signed a number of international air transport agreements in October 2023. So, on October 17 of this year, the General Directorate of Civil Aviation of Mongolia signed a memorandum of understanding with the Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore and an air service agreement with Vietnam, both of which stated that the parties were willing to give up their airspace to allow free passage for their aircraft. A similar agreement was signed the day before with the Lao People’s Democratic Republic’s aviation authorities. A week earlier, namely on October 10, 2023…

In 1981 Mongolia’s “space pioneer,” the astronaut Jügderdemidiin Gürragchaa, made a flight on the Salyut 39 mission. He later became the head of the Russian-Mongolian Friendship Association A great deal has changed in Mongolia since then, not least the political system and the country’s economic and social development priorities. For a long time Mongolia could not afford to dream about having a space program, first because of its struggles to alleviate the acute poverty and other woes caused by “economic liberalization,” and…