As the proxy war splits Russia-NATO (East/West) relations in the Ukraine theater, all the premises indicate that Ukraine will eventually embrace its destiny: a future inextricably linked to Russia. The history of international relations weighs heavily and Ukraine is destined to have a future closely linked to Russia, whether politically, economically, culturally or militarily.

The United States faces colossal internal and external threats to its security, stability and prosperity. All the theories born from the pens of theorists, diplomats and designers of the United States foreign policy are in the process of being trampled under foot. Despite the fruitful works of Brzezinski, Kissinger, Fukuyama, as well as those of many others from the Western lodge, the United States no longer has the monopoly on strategic initiative that we have clearly demonstrated in a separate article.

While there are many phenomena that divide East/West relations since the illusion of the end of the Cold War in 1991, the West often tends to impose its own vision of the world, ignoring or marginalizing different perspectives. This means that Western countries and their media present their own point of view as the only valid one, neglecting or minimizing the opinions and experiences of other cultures and civilizations.

France, faced with a decline in its influence in the Sahel, seems to be gradually returning to a state of political fragmentation and instability reminiscent of medieval times. This is explained by historical variables, such as its colonial past and changing relationships with countries in the Sahel and other parts of Africa, which have evolved as a result of rising nationalism and local governance challenges. On the political level, France’s military presence, justified by the fight against terrorism, is met with growing resentment, seen as a repression of neocolonialism, exacerbating local tensions.

Pan-Africanism and the BRICS alliance represent two powerful forces that can help shape an emerging Global South. While Pan-Africanism promotes unity, solidarity and cooperation among African nations, the BRICS/BRICS+ alliance represents a group of emerging countries seeking to strengthen their economic and political influence on the international stage.

The fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 and the illusion of the end of the Cold War in 1991 marked a turning point in world history, leading to a period of Western hegemony characterized by the intoxication of power. This period of Western hegemony was characterized by a series of military interventions, the imposition of liberal democracy and all-out capitalism, and an increased grip on the global economy. However, this dominance has also led to a deficit of legitimacy and growing geopolitical tensions, highlighting the limits and contradictions of this intoxication with power.

Security and stability in Africa are major issues for the international community. The continent faces many challenges, such as terrorism, armed conflicts, piracy and humanitarian crises. In this context, cooperation between African states and international partners is essential to promote peace and security. It is within this framework that the African Chiefs of Staff Conference was organized in Gaborone, Botswana, from June 24 to 26, 2024, although it betrayed its initial objectives.

Strengthening multipolarity is essential for global balance. With this in mind, BRICS, as well as the nations of the Global South, would benefit from reconsidering their participation in the IMF and WTO. This approach aims to promote greater autonomy and economic development aligned with their specific interests. Combining critical analysis and foresight, this article highlights the benefits of being able to navigate complex international contexts and promote innovative strategies for a multipolar future.

Far from the discourse of presenting itself as a neutral state, colonial history reveals the active participation of Luxembourg in the colonisation of Africa. This article exposes the particularity of Luxembourg’s little-known participation in the colonisation of the Congo. Contrary to popular belief, the Grand Duchy – although it did not directly establish colonies – established close ties with Belgium and was actively involved in the Belgian Congo.

The conscious and unconscious parts of the international community are in struggle, the self-conscious are aggressive. Made up of the Global South and the BRICS Alliance, the conscious part of humanity is mobilizing and uniting around the Russian Federation to overthrow the unipolar world order, thus precipitating the decline of the West.

While international relations were organized around two poles of power (East and West) after the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 and the illusion of the end of the Cold War in 1991, the emergence of new centers of power in the Global South changes the situation. It is in this spirit that the prestigious think tank that we agree to call in other words “the Valdaï discussion club ”, based in Moscow, is organizing its second Russian-African conference (July 24, 2024 in Dar es Salaam in Tanzania), one year after the second Russia-Africa summit in Saint Petersburg (here).

While the collective West realizes with great surprise and astonishment that it no longer decides anything on the world stage, Europe, for its part, is disintegrating at an increasingly accelerated pace. The global power dynamic is undergoing a profound shift at cruising speed, where the predominant influence of Western countries appears to be crumbling. Historically, Europe and the United States have shaped world affairs through their colonial, military, economic and cultural power, with a stronger hold after World War II via institutions such…