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The Geopolitics Behind the Mecca Defence Pact: Saudi Arabia, Türkiye, Pakistan and the struggle to shape the new Middle East
The agreement between Saudi Arabia, Türkiye, and Pakistan responds not only to military threats but also reflects the ambitions, concerns, and rivalries of both signatories and non-signatories. Beneath its formal collective defence language, the pact signals a broader geopolitical contest to shape the Middle East as the US-centered security system declines.
The Mecca Pact: Threat to Israel or a New Vector of Islamic Peace?
The drive to weaken Iran has, paradoxically for Israel, created the threat of an “Islamic NATO.” Can an alliance of Pakistan, Türkiye, and Saudi Arabia unite Muslims on an anti-Israeli basis?
The Mecca Defence Pact: A Watershed Moment in the Geopolitics of the Middle East
A trilateral defence pact recently signed between Saudi Arabia, Türkiye, and Pakistan will alter the geopolitics of the Middle East for quite some time to come.
