Pakistan
Recently, the 15th BRICS summit was held in Johannesburg, South Africa on 23rd August 2023. This summit garnered significant attention, as partnerships and alliances play a crucial role in shaping the contours of geopolitics. BRICS was established in 2009 with four member states including Brazil, Russia, China, and India. However, the inclusion of South Africa in 2010 resulted in the expansion of the organization for the first time, and it was renamed as BRICS. John O’Neill, an economist at Goldman Sachs, proposed the idea of BRIC for the first time in 2001…
Abbas Hashemite