Turkey

In the first quarter of the 21st century, Turkey has demonstrated a confident and resolute policy aimed at changing its age-old status of a regional state towards a super-regional power and one of the centers of the multipolar world (in particular, the leader of the Turkic world). In principle, the strategy of imperial revanchism has never left the political thinking of the Turkish elite after the collapse of the Ottoman Empire following World War I. Under the leadership of Kemal Atatürk, Turkey was forced to accept the status of a regional state due to its defeat in World War I and the loss of key territories in the Balkans…

The 44th summit of the Supreme Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) held in Doha was a significant event in several respects. The session was the first to be held outside Saudi Arabia since 2018 and the first hosted by Qatar since the signing of the Alul Declaration in January 2021, ending a three-year diplomatic rift between a number of Arab countries. The summit was held under special circumstances as the region is witnessing many unfortunate events, most notably the ongoing carnage in the Gaza Strip. These are extremely important developments that have many implications for the GCC and regional security…

It is no secret that politics is a concentrated expression of economics. This thesis is most relevant for Turkey’s foreign policy course, which changes its direction mainly depending on rising financial flows. The Turkish economy, which has been in deep recession in recent years, is heavily dependent on foreign currency interventions and various kinds of credits and loans. It should be recalled that President R.T. Erdogan put his own state in a debt hole by adhering to a conservative economic model that envisaged…