Turkey

According to Russian Presidential Press Secretary Dmitry Peskov, relations between Russia and Turkey are multi-faceted nowadays. This definition’s meaning is obviously self-evident. Over the last two decades, many in Moscow started to think, for some reason, that Russia had acquired a new almost strategic partner in the form of NATO’S Turkey that was more than loyal to Russia and interested in the growth of reciprocal relations and the creation of a multipolar world due to its charismatic leader, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan. As a result, according to many Russian political analysts and specialists, Turkey will adopt a foreign policy more independent of US…

Recep Tayyip Erdoğan is one of the few modern politicians who supports a political solution to the Russia-Ukraine problem and offers his mediation services to Moscow and Kiev. Turkey’s presidential stance has not altered as a result of the election. One of Turkey’s significant achievements in the Russian-Ukrainian conflict was the “grain deal,” from which Ankara received not only political dividends in the form of increased global prestige but also a corresponding financial benefit for the transit of Ukrainian grain to foreign countries via the Turkish-controlled Black Sea straits…

Turkey before and during the time of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan has tried to conduct active diplomacy in virtually all aspects of its geography, where the Balkans retain a high relevance. This direction of Turkish foreign policy is determined by several factors: geographical proximity; the history of Ottoman rule; the course of European integration; NATO membership; and the strategy of neo-Ottomanism and pan-Islamism. The current fourth generation of Anatolian Turks is the heir to the Ottoman Empire, which collapsed after World War I and at its peak governed practically all of Southeastern Europe (including the Balkan Peninsula), among other regions. Serbia, like other Balkan (South Slavic) countries and peoples, was occupied by the Ottomans…